The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.